Electric Circuit – Theory and Analysis

Table of Content

Chapter 1 Basic Elements and Introductory Concepts
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Electrical Network
1.3 Electrical Network Classification
1.4 Bilateral Element
1.5 Unilateral Element
1.6 Response of an Element or System
1.7 Sources −Types
1.8 Potential Energy Difference or Potential Difference
1.9 Ohm’s Law
1.10 Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchoff’s Current Law (KCL) for DC Circuits
1.10.1 Kirchoff’s Voltage Law(KVL)
1.10.2 Kirchoff’s Current Law(KCL)
1.10.3 Kirchoff’s Law for AC Circuits
1.11 Resistors in Series and Parallel Circuits
1.12 Inductors
1.13 Capacitors
1.14 Source Transformation Techniques
1.15 Voltage and Current Division Rule
1.16 Mesh Analysis or Mesh Method (Loop Method) in DC Circuits
1.17 Mesh Analysis for AC Networks
1.18 Nodal Method
1.18.1 Nodal Method for DC Circuit Analysis
1.18.2 Nodal Analysis for AC Circuits
1.18.3 Choice of Mesh and Nodal Analysis
1.18.4 Limitations of Mesh Analysis
1.19 Phasor Diagram for Complex Circuit
1.19.1 Series RL Circuit
1.19.2 Series RC Circuit
1.19.3 Series RLC Circuit
1.20 Average Value
1.21 Root Mean Square (RMS) Value
1.22 Apparent Power, True Power and Power Factor
1.23 Graph of a Network
1.23.1 Types of Graph
1.23.2 Subgraph and its Types
1.23.3 Matrices Associated with Network Graphs
1.23.4 Tree Branch Voltages and f-cut-set Matrix
1.23.5 Tie-set Matrix and Branch Currents
Summary and key features
Questions and answers (Two marks)
Problems with answer key
Multiple choice questions
Solved GATE questions
Chapter 2 Network Reduction and Network Theorems for DC and
AC Circuits
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Star-delta Conversion
2.3 Star-to-Delta and Delta-to-Star Conversion for AC Circuit
2.4 Superposition Theorem
2.5 Thevenin’s Theorem
2.6 Norton’s Theorem for AC and DC Circuits
2.7 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem (for DC Circuit)
2.8 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem (for AC Circuit)
2.9 Reciprocity Theorem
2.10 Millman’s Theorem
2.10.1 Millman’s Theorem for AC Networks
Summary and key features
Questions and answers (Two marks)
Problems with answer key
Multiple choice questions
Solved GATE questions
Chapter 3 Resonance and Resonant Circuit
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Resonance − Definition
3.3 Series Resonance
3.3.1 Impedance (z)
3.3.2 Current Through Circuit (I)
3.3.3 Impedance Reactant and Resistant
3.3.4 Resonant Frequency (fr)
3.3.5 Bandwidth and Half-power Frequencies
3.3.6 Quality Factor (Q) (Degree of Selectivity)
3.3.7 Variation in Voltage Across L and C with Frequency
3.3.8 Variation in Current Through L and C with Frequency
3.3.9 Variation of Impedance with Frequency
3.4 Parallel Resonance
3.4.1 Admittance (Y )
3.4.2 Resonant Frequency (fr)
3.4.3 Frequency Response
3.4.4 Bandwidth
3.4.5 Magnification or Selectivity or Quality Factor Q for an Parallel RLC
Circuit
3.5 Comparison between Series and Parallel Resonance
Summary and key features
Questions and answers (Two marks)
Problems with answer key
Multiple choice questions
Solved GATE questions
Chapter 4 Coupled Circuits
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Coupled Circuits − Definition
4.3 Types of Couplings
4.4 Self-inductance (L)
4.5 Mutual Inductance (M)
4.6 Importance of Dot Convention
4.6.1 Physical Basis of the Dot Convention
4.7 Coefficient of Coupling or Coupling Coefficient
4.8 Series Connection and Parallel Connection of Coupled Circuits
4.9 Analysis of Multi-winding Coupled Circuits
4.9.1 Multi-winding Inductors
4.9.2 Multi-winding Transformers
4.10 Tuned Circuits
4.10.1 Single-tuned Circuits
4.10.2 Double-tuned circuits
4.11 Equivalent Circuit of Coupled Circuits
4.12 Dual Networks
4.12.1 Table Conversion of Dual Networks
4.12.2 Dot Method
Summary and key features
Questions and answers (Two marks)
Problems with answer key
Multiple choice questions
Solved GATE questions
Chapter 5 Transient Circuits − Transient Response for DC Input and
Sinusoidal Input
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Transient Current
5.3 RL Tansient (DC)
5.4 RL Decay Transient (DC)
5.5 RC Transient (DC)
5.5.1 Energy Stored in the Capacitor
5.5.2 Time Constant ( τ)
5.6 RC Decay Transient (DC)
5.7 RLC Transients (DC)
5.8 Natural Response
5.9 Forced Response
5.10 Step Response of an RC Circuit
5.11 Impulse Response of RC Circuit
5.12 Response of RC Circuit to Exponential Excitation
5.13 Unit Step Response of RL Circuit
5.14 Unit Impulse Response of RL Circuit
5.15 Exponential Excitation of RL Circuit
5.16 RL Circuit (Sinusoidal Input)
5.17 RC Circuit (Sinusoidal Input)
5.18 RLC Circuit (Sinusoidal Input
5.18.1 Natural Frequency ωn
5.18.2 Damping Ratio σ
5.18.3 Damped Frequency of Oscillation ωd
Summary and key features
Questions and answers (Two marks)
Problems with answer key
Multiple choice questions
Solved GATE questions
Chapter 6 Two-port Networks
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Impedance Parameters or Z-parameters
6.3 Admittance Parameters
6.4 Hybrid Parameters or h-parameters
6.5 Transmission Parameters
6.6 Relationship between Different Parameters
6.6.1 Y -parameters in Terms of Z-parameters
6.6.2 Z-parameters in Terms of Y -parameters
6.6.3 h-parameters in Terms of Y -parameters
6.6.4 h-parameters in Terms of Z-parameters
6.6.5 ABCD Parameters in Terms of Z, Y, and h Parameters
6.7 Interconnection of Two-port Networks
6.7.1 Series Connection of Two-port Network
6.7.2 Parallel Connection of Two-port Networks
6.7.3 Cascade Connection of Two-port Networks
6.8 Symmetrical Properties of T and π Networks
Summary and key features
Questions and answers (Two marks)
Problems with answer key
Multiple choice questions
Solved GATE questions
Chapter 7 Three-phase Circuits
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Advantages of Three-phase Polyphase System Over Single-phase Systems
7.3 3φVoltagesWaveforms
7.4 3φVoltageEquations
7.5 Phase Sequence
7.6 Balanced Phase Voltages and Balanced Load
7.6.1 Balanced Load
7.7 Line Voltage
7.8 Balanced Wye Connection (Star Connection)
7.9 Balanced Delta or Δ Mesh Connection
7.10 Unbalanced Three-phase Systems
7.10.1 Unbalanced Delta connected Load
7.11 Applications −Three-phase Power and Power Factor Measurement
7.11.1  3φPowerMeasurement
Questions and answers (Two marks)
Problems with answer key
Multiple choice questions

• Appendix A – Solved University Question Papers
• Appendix B – KiCad Introduction
• Appendix C – NGSpice Introduction

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