Basic Electrical Engineering

Table of Content

Chapter 1 Electromagnetism
1.1 Relation between Magnetism and Electricity
1.1.1 Production of Induced E.M.F. and Current
1.1.2 Direction of Induced E.M.F. and Current
1.1.3 Induced E.M.F
1.1.4 Self-inductance
1.1.5 Mutual Inductance
1.2 Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field
1.3 Properties of Magnetic Field
1.3.1 Magnetic Flux
1.3.2 Magnetic Flux Density(B)
1.3.3 Absolute and Relative Perme abilities of a Medium
1.3.4 Field Intensity or Magnetising Force (H)
1.4 Magnetic Circuit .
Chapter 2 DC Circuits
2.1 Electric Current
2.1.1 Electrical Potential
2.1.2 Potential Difference
2.1.3 Direct Current
2.1.4 Ohm’s Law
2.1.5 Direction of Current and Voltage Drop
2.2 Power
2.3 Resistors in Series
2.4 Resistors in Parallel
2.5 Internal Resistance of a Source
2.6 Kirchhoff’s Laws
2.6.1 Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)
2.6.2 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
2.7 Wheat stone Bridge
2.8 Analysis of DC Circuit by Network Reduction Method
2.8.1 Star-mesh and Mesh-star Transformations
2.8.2 Delta to Star Transformation
2.8.3 Star to Mesh Transformation
2.9 Loop or Mesh Current Method
2.9.1 Mesh Equations by Inspection
2.9.2 Number of Mesh Currents Required
Chapter 3 AC Circuits
3.1 Introduction to Alternating Current
3.2 Properties of Alternating Current
3.2.1 Average Value
3.2.2 Effective Value (RMS Value)
3.2.3 Form Factor
3.2.4 Peak Factor
3.2.5 Phase
3.2.6 Phase Difference
3.2.7 In phase and Out of Phase Waves
3.2.8 Addition of Two Waves
3.3 Vector Representation of Alternating Quantities
3.4 Complex Numbers
3.4.1 Operator j
3.4.2 Various Forms of Complex Numbers
3.5 Resistance Element
3.6 Inductance Element
3.6.1 Power in an Inductance Coil
3.7 Capacitance Element
3.8 RL Series Circuit
3.8.1 Power
3.9  RC Series Circuit
3.10 RLC Series Circuit
3.11 Series Resonance
3.12 Power in Alternating Current Circuits
3.12.1 Power in Terms of Phasor Quantities
3.13 Parallel AC Circuits
3.14 Introduction to the Three-phase Systems
3.14.1 Advantages of Three-phase System
3.14.2 Star-connected System
3.14.3 Three-phase Power
3.14.4 Delta-connected System
3.14.5 Three Phase Power of Delta-connected System
3.15 Measurement of Three-phase Power
3.15.1 Measurement of Power using 2 Wattmeters in a Balanced Three-phase
Circuit
Chapter 4 DC Machines
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Simple Loop Generator
4.3 Constructional Features of a Practical DC Generator
4.3.1 Yoke
4.3.2 Pole Core and Pole Shoe
4.3.3 Field Coils
4.3.4 Armature Core
4.3.5 Armature Winding
4.3.6 Commutator
4.3.7 Brushes and Brush-gear
4.3.8 Bearings
4.3.9 Armature Windings
4.4 Types of Generators
4.5 E.M.F. Equation of a DC Generator
4.6 No-load Characteristics of DC Generator
4.6.1 Critical Field Resistance of DC Shunt Generator
4.6.2 Determination of Critical Resistance Rc
4.7 Load Characteristics of Shunt Generator
4.7.1 Internal or Total Characteristics
4.8 Conditions for Build-up of Voltage of a Shunt Generator
4.8.1 Failure to Self Excite
4.9 Compound Generator Operation Under-load
4.9.1 Load Test on Cumulative-compound Generator (Short-shunt)
4.10 Principles of Motor Action
4.10.1 Introduction
4.10.2 Shunt Motor
4.10.3 Series Motor
4.10.4 Compound Motor
4.11 Back E.M.F. (Counter E.M.F.)
4.11.1 Torque
4.12 Speed of a DC Motor
4.12.1 For Series Motor
4.12.2 For Shunt Motor
4.13 DC Motor Characteristics
4.13.1 Characteristics of Shunt Motors
4.13.2 Characteristics of Series Motors
4.13.3 Characteristics of Cumulative Compound Motors
4.13.4 Characteristics of Differential Compound Motors
4.14 Speed Control of DC Motor
4.14.1 Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor
4.15 Starters for DC Motors
4.15.1 Necessity of a Starter
4.15.2 Shunt Motor Starter with Protective Devices
Chapter 5 Single-phase Transformer
5.1 Working Principle of a Transformer
5.2 Transformer Construction
5.2.1 Core-type Transformer
5.2.2 Shell-type Transformer
5.3 Theory of an Ideal Transformer
5.4 Transformer with Losses but No Magnetic Leakage
5.4.1 Transformer on No-load
5.4.2 Transformer on Load
5.4.3 Transformer with Winding Resistance but No Magnetic Leakage
5.4.4 Equivalent Resistance
5.4.5 Magnetic Leakage
5.4.6 Transformer with Resistance and Leakage Reactance
5.4.7 Transfer of Transformer Winding Parameters
5.5 Total Approximate Voltage Drop in a Transformer
5.5.1 Voltage Regulation of a Transformer
5.6 Losses in a Transformer
5.6.1 Core or Iron Losses
5.6.2 Copper Loss
5.7 Efficiency of a Transformer
5.8 Measurement of Transformer Constants
5.8.1 Open-circuit Test
5.8.2 Short-circuit Test
Chapter 6 Three-phase Induction Motor
6.1 Constructional Features
6.1.1 Stator
6.1.2 Rotor
6.2 Principle of Operation
6.2.1 Mathematical Proof
6.2.2 Slip
6.2.3 E.M.F. and Current Relations
6.3 Mechanical Power Developed
6.3.1 Torque
6.4 Starting of Induction Motors
6.4.1 Star-delta Starter
6.4.2 Starting of Squirrel Cage Induction Motor using Auto-transformer
Chapter 7 Alternators
7.1 Alternator Construction
7.1.1 Stator
7.1.2 Rotor
7.2 Frequency of AC Generators
7.2.1 Equation of Induced E.M.F. in an Alternator
7.2.2 Coil Pitch and Pitch Factor
7.2.3 Distribution Factor
7.3 Layout of Steam Power Station
7.3.1 Coal and Ash Handling Arrangement
7.3.2 Steam Generating Plant
7.3.3 Steam Turbine
7.4 Unconventional Energy Sources
7.4.1 Solar Energy
7.4.2 Photo voltaic Cell
Chapter 8 Industrial Drives
8.1 Introduction of Electric Drives
8.1.1 Requirements of an Adjustable Speed Drive
8.1.2 Characteristics of Electric Motors
8.1.3 Dynamics of Electric Drives
8.2 Classification of Electric Drives
8.3 Basic Elements of an Electric Drive
8.3.1 Drive Considerations for Textile Mills
8.3.2 Drives for Paper Mills
8.3.3 Drives for Mining

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