Circuit Theory

Table of Content

Chapter 1 Basic Elements and Introductory Concepts
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Electrical Network
1.3 Electrical Network Classification
1.4 Bilateral Element
1.5 Unilateral Element
1.6 Response of an Element or System
1.7 Sources −Types
1.8 Potential Energy Difference or Potential Difference
1.9 Ohm’s Law
1.10 Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchoff’s Current Law (KCL) for DC Circuits
1.10.1 Kirchoff’s Voltage Law(KVL)
1.10.2 Kirchoff’s Current Law(KCL)
1.10.3 Kirchoff’s Law for AC Circuits
1.11 Resistors in Series and Parallel Circuits
1.12 Inductors
1.13 Capacitors
1.14 Source Transformation Techniques
1.15 Voltage and Current Division Rule
1.16 Mesh Analysis or Mesh Method (Loop Method) in DC Circuits
1.17 Mesh Analysis for AC Networks
1.18 Nodal Method
1.18.1 Nodal Method for DC Circuit Analysis
1.18.2 Nodal Analysis for AC Circuits
1.18.3 Choice of Mesh and Nodal Analysis
1.18.4 Limitations of Mesh Analysis
1.19 Phasor Diagram for Complex Circuit
1.19.1 Series RL Circuit
1.19.2 Series RC Circuit
1.19.3 Series RLC Circuit
1.20 Average Value
1.21 Root Mean Square (RMS) Value
1.22 Apparent Power, True Power and Power Factor
Summary and key features
Questions and answers (Two marks)
Problems with answer key
Multiple choice questions
Solved GATE questions
Chapter 2 Network Reduction and Network Theorems for DC and
AC Circuits
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Star-delta Conversion
2.3 Star-to-delta and Delta-to-star Conversion for AC Circuit
2.4 Superposition Theorem
2.5 Thevenin’s Theorem
2.6 Norton’s Theorem for AC and DC Circuits
2.7 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem (for DC Circuit)
2.8 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem (for AC Circuit)
2.9 Reciprocity Theorem
2.10 Millman’s Theorem
2.10.1 Millman’s Theorem for AC Networks
Summary and key features
Questions and answers (Two marks)
Problems with answer key
Multiple choice questions
Solved GATE questions
Chapter 3 Resonance and Resonant Circuit
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Resonance − Definition
3.3 Series Resonance
3.3.1 Impedance (z)
3.3.2 Current Through Circuit (I)
3.3.3 Impedance Reactant and Resistant
3.3.4 Resonant Frequency (f_r)
Contents ix
3.3.5 Bandwidth and Half-power Frequencies
3.3.6 Quality Factor (Q) (Degree of Selectivity)
3.4 Parallel Resonance
3.4.1 Admittance (Y )
3.4.2 Resonant Frequency (f_r)
3.4.3 Frequency Response
3.4.4 Bandwidth
3.4.5 Magnification or Selectivity or Quality Factor Q for an Parallel
RLC Circuit
3.5 Comparison between Series and Parallel Resonance
Summary and key features
Questions and answers (Two marks)
Problems with answer key
Multiple choice questions
Solved GATE questions
Chapter 4 Coupled Circuits
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Coupled Circuits − Definition
4.3 Types of Couplings
4.4 Self-inductance (L)
4.5 Mutual Inductance (M)
4.6 Importance of Dot Convention
4.6.1 Physical Basis of the Dot Convention
4.7 Coefficient of Coupling or Coupling Coefficient
4.8 Series Connection and Parallel Connection of Coupled Circuits
4.9 Tuned Circuits
4.9.1 Single-tuned Circuits
4.9.2 Double-tuned Circuits
4.10 Equivalent Circuit of Coupled Circuits
4.11 Dual Networks
4.11.1 Table Conversion of Dual Networks
4.11.2 Dot Method
Summary and key features
Questions and answers (Two marks)
Problems with answer key
Multiple choice questions
Solved GATE questions
Chapter 5 Transient Circuits − Transient Response for DC Input and
Sinusoidal Input
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Transient Current
5.3 RL Tansient  (DC)
5.4 RL Decay Transient (DC)
5.5 RC Transient (DC)
5.5.1 Energy Stored in the Capacitor
5.5.2 Time Constant ( τ)
5.6 RC Decay Transient (DC)
5.7 RLC Transients (DC)
5.8 RL Circuit (Sinusoidal Input)
5.9 RC Circuit (Sinusoidal Input)
5.10 RLC Circuit (Sinusoidal Input)
5.10.1 Natural Frequency ωn
5.10.2 Damping Ratio σ
5.10.3 Damped Frequency of Oscillation ωd
Summary and key features
Questions and answers (Two marks)
Problems with answer key
Multiple choice questions
Solved GATE questions
Chapter 6 Two-port Networks
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Impedance Parameters or Z-parameters
6.3 Admittance Parameters
6.4 Hybrid Parameters or h-parameters
6.5 Transmission Parameters
6.6 Relationship between Different Parameters
6.6.1 Y -parameters in Terms of Z-parameters
6.6.2 Z-parameters in Terms of Y -parameters
6.6.3 h-parameters in Terms of Y -parameters
6.6.4 h-parameters in Terms of Z-parameters
6.6.5 ABCD Parameters in Terms of Z1Y1 and h parameters
Summary and key features
Questions and answers (Two marks)
Problems with answer key
Multiple choice questions
Solved GATE questions
Chapter 7 Three-phase Circuits
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Advantages of Three-phase Polyphase System  Over Single-phase Systems
7.3 3φVoltagesWaveforms
7.4 3φVoltageEquations
7.5 Phase Sequence
7.6 Balanced Phase Voltages and Balanced Load
7.6.1 Balanced Load
7.7 Line Voltage
7.8 Balanced Wye Connection (Star Connection)
7.9 Balanced Delta or Δ Mesh Connection
7.10 Unbalanced Three-phase Systems
7.10.1 Unbalanced Delta connected Load
7.11 Applications −Three-phase Power and Power Factor Measurement
7.11.1 3φPowerMeasurement
Questions and answers (Two marks)
Problems with answer key
Multiple choice questions

Appendix A – Solved University Question Papers
Appendix B – KiCad Introduction
Appendix C – NGSpice Introduction

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