Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Biasing of BJT Circuits
1.1 History of Bipolar Junction Transistor
1.2 Introduction of Bipolar Junction Transistor
1.3 BJT Active Region of Operation
1.4 BJT Current Equation
1.5 BJT – Operating Regions
1.6 Applications of BJT Transistor
1.6.1 BJT as a Switch
1.6.2 BJT Device Act as an Amplifier
1.7 BJT Biasing
1.8 Purpose of Biasing
1.9 Load Line Analysis
1.9.1 DC Load Line
1.9.2 Quiescent Point (Q-Point)
1.10 Types of Analysis of Amplifier
1.11 DC Analysis (Large-Signal Analysis)
1.11.1 Plotting a DC Load Line
1.12 Inherent Variations of Transistor Parameters
1.12.1 Individual Variations
1.13 Stabilisation
1.14 Stability Factor
1.15 Thermal Runaway
1.16 Temperature Dependence of VBE
1.17 Stability Factor Due to Inherent Variation on Component
1.18 Transistor Biasing
1.18.1 Reason for Biasing
1.18.2 Types of Biasing
1.18.3 Various Biasing Circuits
1.19 Base-Bias Circuit or Fixed Bias Circuit
1.19.1 Stability Factor Due to Leakage Current, ICBO
1.19.2 Stability Factor Due to Change in VBE
1.19.3 Stability Factor Due to Change in hfe
1.20 Collector-to-Base Bias
1.20.1 Stability Factor Due to Change in ICBO
1.20.2 Stability Factor Due to Change in VBE
1.20.3 Stability Factor Due to Change in hfe
1.21 Voltage Divider Bias or Potential Divider Bias
1.21.1 Stability Factor Due to Change in ICBO
1.21.2 Stability Factor Due to Change in VBE
1.21.3 Stability Factor Due to Change in hfe
1.22 Diode Compensation
1.23 Biasing Multistage Circuits
Chapter 2 BJT Amplifiers
2.1 Need of Collector Resistance (RC), Coupling Capacitors [(CC1), (CC2)]
and Bypass Capacitor (CE) in Amplifier Circuit
2.2 Linear Amplifier
2.3 Symbol and Conventions
2.4 Two-Port Network
2.4.1 Admittance Parameters (y-Parameters)
2.4.2 Hybrid Parameters (h-Parameters)
2.4.3 Relation between y-Parameter and h-Parameter
2.5 Midband Analysis or Small-Signal Analysis
2.5.1 Small-Signal Analysis
2.5.2 Small-Signal Input Impedance
2.5.3 Small-Signal Output Impedance
2.6 Common-Emitter Amplifier
2.6.1 Large-Signal Analysis of CE Amplifier
2.6.2 Small-Signal Analysis (Midband Gain Analysis of CE Amplifier)
2.7 AC Load Line Analysis
2.7.1 Procedure for Plotting AC Load Line
2.7.2 AC Analysis on Output Node
2.8 Maximum Output Voltage Swing
2.8.1 Procedure to Determine Maximum Symmetrical Voltage Swing
2.9 Common-Emitter Amplifier with Emitter Resistance
2.9.1 Large-Signal Analysis of CE with Emitter Resistance Amplifier
2.9.2 Small-Signal Analysis of Common-Emitter with Emitter
Resistance Amplifier
2.10 Common-Collector Amplifier (Voltage Buffer, Emitter Follower)
2.10.1 Large-Signal Analysis of Common-Collector Amplifier
2.10.2 Small-Signal Analysis
2.11 Common-Base Amplifier
2.11.1 Large-Signal Analysis
2.11.2 Small-Signal Analysis
2.12 Comparison of BJT Amplifiers
2.13 Multistage Amplifier
2.14 Multistage Cascaded Amplifier (CE with CC Amplifier)
2.14.1 Large-Signal Analysis of CE with CC Amplifier
2.14.2 Small-Signal Analysis of CE with CC Amplifier
2.15 Cascaded Amplifier (Stage 1 Common-Emitter and Stage 2
Common-Emitter)
2.15.1 Large-Signal Analysis of CE with CE Amplifier
2.15.2 Small-Signal Analysis
2.16 Cascode Amplifier
2.16.1 Small-Signal Analysis of Cascode Amplifier
2.17 Darlington Pair
2.17.1 Small-Signal Analysis
2.18 Differential Pair (Differential Amplifier)
2.18.1 Differential Amplifier Circuit
2.18.2 DC Transfer Characteristics of a Differential Pair (DC Analysis)
2.18.3 Small-Signal Analysis
Chapter 3 MOS Amplifiers
3.1 History of MOS Devices
3.1.1 Symbol and Conventions
3.1.2 Basics of MOSFETs
3.2 MOS Biasing
3.2.1 Reason for Biasing
3.2.2 Types of Biasing
3.2.3 MOS as a Switch
3.2.4 MOS Device as an Amplifier
3.2.5 Voltage Transfer Characteristics of NMOS Inverter
3.2.6 Linear Amplifier
3.3 Two-Port Network
3.3.1 Admittance Parameters (y-Parameters)
3.4 Common-Source Amplifier
3.4.1 Large-Signal Analysis of Common-Source Amplifier
3.4.2 Small-Signal Analysis (Mid band Gain Analysis of CS Amplifier)
3.5 AC Load Line Analysis
3.5.1 Procedure for Plotting AC Load Line
3.6 Maximum Output Voltage Swing
3.6.1 Procedure to Determine Maximum Symmetrical Voltage Swing
3.7 Common-Source Degenerator Amplifier
3.7.1 Large-Signal Analysis of Source Degenerator Amplifier
3.7.2 Small-Signal Analysis of Source Degenerator Amplifier
3.8 Common-Drain Amplifier
3.8.1 Large-Signal Analysis of Common-Drain Amplifier
3.8.2 Small-Signal Analysis
3.9 Common-Gate Amplifier
3.9.1 Large-Signal Analysis
3.9.2 Small-Signal Analysis
3.10 Comparison of MOS Amplifier
3.11 Cascode Amplifier
3.11.1 Large-Signal Analysis
3.11.2 Small-Signal Analysis of Cascode Amplifier
3.12 BIMOS Cascode Amplifier
3.12.1 Small Signal Analysis
3.13 MOS Differential Amplifier
3.13.1 DC Analysis
3.13.2 Small-Signal Analysis
Chapter 4 Frequency Response of Amplifier
4.1 Amplifier Frequency Response
4.2 System Transfer Function
4.3 S-domain Frequency Analysis
4.3.1 Bode Plot
4.4 Series Coupling Capacitor Circuit
4.5 Parallel Coupling Capacitor Circuit
4.6 Single-Time Constant (Short Circuit Time Constant Method)
4.7 Procedure to Evaluate Single-Time Constant for Simple RC Circuit
4.8 Procedure to Evaluate Single-Time Constant for Series Coupling Circuit
4.9 Procedure to Evaluate Single-Time Constant for Parallel Coupled Circuit
4.10 High Frequency-Model of BJT Device
4.11 Short Circuit Current Gain
4.12 Unity Gain Frequency
4.13 Relation between fT and fβ
4.14 Miller Effect
4.15 High Frequency Analysis (Upper Cut-off Frequency Analysis)
4.16 Calculating Upper Cut-off Frequency (Dominant Pole Location) Using
Zero-value Time Constant Method or Open Circuit Time Constant
Method
4.16.1 Procedure of Zero-value Time Constant Method or Open-circuit
Time Constant Method
4.16.2 Apply the Procedure of Zero-value Time Constant Method
4.17 Lower Cut-off Frequency Analysis
4.17.1 Mid band Voltage Gain
4.17.2 Consider the Capacitor CC1Alone
4.17.3 Consider the Capacitor CC2Alone
4.17.4 Consider the Capacitor CE Alone
4.18 Bandwidth Estimation of Common-Emitter Amplifier
4.19 Frequency Response of MOSFET Transistor
4.19.1 Short Circuit Current Gain
4.20 Miller Effect
4.21 High Frequency Response of Common-Source Amplifier
4.22 Low Frequency Analysis
4.22.1 Apply Single-Time Constant Method to Evaluate Time
Constants
4.23 Bandwidth Estimation of Common-Source Amplifier
Chapter 5 Current Mirrors and Single Stage Integrated Circuit
Amplifier
5.1 Current Mirror
5.2 Properties of a Current Mirror
5.3 MOS Current Sink
5.4 MOS Current Source Circuit
5.5 MOS Current Steering Circuit
5.6 MOS Cascode Current Mirror
5.7 Widler Current Source
5.8 Single Stage IC Amplifier
5.8.1 Common-Source Amplifier with Resistive Load or NMOS
Amplifier with Resistive Load
5.8.2 Common-Source Amplifier with Enhancement Load or NMOS
Amplifier with Enhancement Load
5.9 Common-Source Amplifier with Depletion Load or NMOS Amplifier
with Depletion Load
5.9.1 DC Analysis (Voltage Transfer Characteristics Analysis)
5.9.2 Small-Signal Analysis
5.10 CMOS Common-Source Amplifier or NMOS Amplifier with Active Load
(P-Load)
5.10.1 DC Analysis (Voltage Transfer Characteristic Analysis)
5.10.2 Small-Signal Analysis
5.11 Comparison of Single Stage IC Amplifier
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